Deliberative Improvement of Oral Care Quality: The Horizon Europe DELIVER Project.

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: The EU DELIVER project aims to enhance the quality of oral health care through codevelopment and coproduction of solutions together with citizens/patients, providers, and policymakers. The unique multicountry nature of the project will facilitate fast-track prototype development and testing of innovative QI approaches in select countries. Reflective learning regarding the transferability of findings between different countries and settings offers unique opportunities to drive progress toward context-specific implementation of innovative oral health care QI approaches. The collective knowledge gained from the 7 European countries involved in DELIVER can also generate knowhow for improving the quality of oral health care in other countries around the globe.

Prioritization, Incentives, and Resource Use for Sustainable Dentistry: The EU PRUDENT Project.

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: The EU PRUDENT project aims to enhance the financing of oral health systems through novel evidence and implementation of better financing solutions together with citizens, patients, providers, and policy makers. The multicountry nature of the project offers unique windows of opportunity for rapid learning and improving within and across various contexts. PRUDENT is anticipated to strengthen capacities for better oral care financing in the EU and worldwide.

Editorial: The WHO Global Oral Health Action Plan 2023-2030.

Oral health is finally on the global agenda. The World Health Organisation Global Oral Health Action Plan (OHAP) 2023-2030 (WHO, 2022a) has been completed following a public consultation which took place during August and September 2022. As oral diseases are the most prevalent non-communicable diseases; it is good to see that the OHAP will co-exist alongside the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases 2013-2030. This editorial summarises the OHAP and highlights the opportunities and challenges discussed during the September 2022 EADPH congress, held co-jointly with the Council of the European Chief Dental Officers (CECDO).

The WHO Action Plan for Oral Health - How Can the EADPH Contribute - Opportunities and Challenges.

This paper summarises the proceedings of a workshop organised by the European Association of Dental Public Health, held in Montpellier in September 2022. The full proceedings were transcribed and are available on the Community Dental Health website (https://www.cdhjournal.org/article/973). The WHO Action Plan for Oral Health provides a golden opportunity to help raise the profile of oral health, to put oral health on the global public health agenda and ultimately improve oral health. It is to be applauded. However, delivery will present a challenge. Those challenges and opportunities are detailed in this paper.

Programa de entrenamiento para la cirugía laparoscópica de acalasia en modelos inertes y orgánicos. Estudio observacional / Training Program for Laparoscopic Achalasia Surgery in Inert and Organic Models. Observational Study

La educación en cirugía ha experimentado cambios de paradigmas en las últimas décadas, principalmente en la adquisición de habilidades y destrezas quirúrgicas. La simulación surge como una herramienta complementaria de aprendizaje en cirugía laparoscópica. Objetivo : Diseñar un programa de entrenamiento para el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas en el abordaje laparoscópico de la cirugía de la acalasia. Métodos : Se trata de un estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico basado en un programa de entrenamiento con modelos inertes y ex vivo. Los participantes fueron residentes de postgrado de cirugía general de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Resultados : Se realizaron 30 prácticas con 6 residentes del mismo nivel de experiencia. Se observó una disminución del 22,64% del tiempo entre la evaluación inicial y final, con una mejoría de las habilidades con la escala GOALS del 33,3%.Conclusión : El programa de entrenamiento permitió reproducir algunos de los pasos para la cirugía de acalasia, constituyendo un método efectivo, de bajo costo y fácil de implementar para la enseñanza y adquisición de habilidades laparoscópicas(AU)

Surgery education has experienced paradigm shifts in recent decades, mainly in the acquisition of surgical skills and abilities. Simulation emerges as a complementary learning tool in laparoscopic surgery.Objective: To design a training program for the development of abilities and skills in the laparoscopic approach to achalasia surgery. Methods : This is an observational, longitudinal, prospective and analytical study based on a training program with inert and ex vivo models. The participants were postgraduate residents of general surgery at the Central University of Venezuela.Results : 30 practices were carried out with 6 residents of the same level of experience, a decrease of 22.64% in the time between the initial and final evaluation was observed, with an improvement in skills with the GOALS scale of 33.3%.Conclusion : The training program allowed to reproduce some of the steps for achalasia surgery, constituting an effective, low cost and easy to implement method for teaching and acquiring laparoscopic skills(AU)

Adenoma paratiroideo mediastínico gigante. Abordaje cervical y toracoscópico. Caso clínico / Gigant Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma. Cervical and Thoracoscopic Approach. Case Report

El hiperparatiroidismo primario es el tercer trastorno endocrino más común, alrededor del 85% de los casos se debe a adenomas paratiroideos. El tratamiento definitivo es la paratiroidectomía, siendo la causa más común de fracaso la resección inadecuada y la localización de tejido ectópico, representando un desafío para el cirujano. En el presente trabajo se presenta el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de adenoma paratiroideo mediastínico gigante, siendo este el de mayor longitud descrito en la literatura en los últimos 10 años. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 70 años de edad quien consulta por presentar convulsiones, polidipsia y poliuria. Se determinan niveles elevados de PTH, hipercalcemia e hipofosfatemia. Estudios de imagen describen lesión alargada localizada en espacio paratraqueal derecho extendiéndose hasta el polo inferior de lóbulo tiroideo derecho. Se decide resolución quirúrgica, mediante la realización de cervicotomía y toracoscopia con evolución satisfactoria del paciente. Conclusión: Los adenomas paratiroideos ectópicos constituyen una causa común de falla quirúrgica e hiperparatiroidismo persistente, su sospecha es de gran importancia. El tratamiento definitivo es la cirugía. La localización preoperatoria por pruebas de imagen es fundamental para seleccionar correctamente la técnica quirúrgica y garantizar el éxito de la cirugía. El abordaje cervical y toracoscópico es una alternativa segura y eficaz(AU)

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common endocrine disorder, about 85% of cases are due to parathyroid adenomas. The definitive treatment is parathyroidectomy, being the most frequent cause of failure the inadequate resection and the location of ectopic tissue. The ectopic parathyroid adenomas represent a challenge for the surgeon. In this paper a case of a patient diagnosed with giant mediastinal parathyroid adenoma is presented, and is the largest reported in the literature in the last 10 years. Clinical case: 70-year-old male patient presented with seizures, polydipsia and polyuria, reason for which he consults. Elevated PTH levels, hypercalcemia, and hypophosphatemia are determined. Imaging studies report an elongated lesion located in the right paratracheal space that extends to the lower pole of the right thyroid lobe. Surgical resolution was decided, by performing cervicotomy and thoracoscopy with satisfactory recovery of the patient. Conclusion: Ectopic parathyroid adenomas are a common cause of surgical failure and persistent hyperparathyroidism; their suspicion is of great importance. The definitive treatment is surgery. Preoperative localization through imaging tests is essential to correctly select the surgical technique and guarantee the success of the surgery, the cervical and thoracoscopic approach is a safe and effective alternative(AU)

Dental Public Health in Action: Experiences and Responses of Oral Health Care Professionals during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malta.

Initial impetus for action: Maltese Oral Health Care Professionals (OHCP) experienced changes to clinical practice and redeployment during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the early stages, there were few data on the resultant changes to the provision of dental services or their impact on the wellbeing of dental professionals. Solutions Suggested: Two questionnaires were designed to explore different domains in OHCP working on the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as in other areas/sectors. The findings were intended to inform guidance documents and to better support the profession. Findings: Anxiety-provoking factors, challenges, and areas of concern of OHCP were identified and practical recommendations to support transitioning to the 'new normal' were presented. OHCP expressed anxiety about contracting COVID-19 from their workplace and passing infection to other family members, friends, or patients. As a result, OHCP expressed the need for better protective clothing, workplace ventilation, and air filtration systems. Future implications: Provision of adequate PPE for OHCP was a priority. New guidelines for dental practice were informed by the experiences of the particpating OHCP. University modules to enhance the resilience of OHCP were among the recommendations to support practitioners.

The potential of FT-IR spectroscopy for improving healthcare in sepsis - An animal model study.

Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy has been used to investigate pathophysiological changes caused by sepsis. Sepsis has been defined as a potentially fatal organic dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and can lead a patient to risk of death. This study used samples consisting of the blood plasma of mice which were induced to sepsis state, compared to a healthy group using FT-IR associated with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy. For statistical analysis, principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied, independently, to the second derivative spectra of both the fingerprint (900-1800 cm-1) and the high wavenumber (2800-3100 cm-1) regions. The technique efficiently differentiated the blood plasma of the two groups, sepsis and healthy mice, the analysis indicating that fatty acids and lipids in the blood samples could be an important biomarker of sepsis.

CD4:CD8 ratio in children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection.

OBJECTIVES: In adults with horizontally acquired HIV infection, an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio is associated with persistent immune activation, size of HIV reservoir and predicts an increased risk of non-AIDS-defining adverse events. Normalization of this ratio with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is suboptimal in adults, despite viral suppression, and is less well described in paediatric populations. We investigated rates of CD4:CD8 ratio recovery in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection (PaHIV) on ART. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of routine clinical data in children with PaHIV (5-18 years old) attending a single UK centre was carried out. RESULTS: CD4:CD8 normalization was seen in 62% of children on suppressive ART. A negative correlation was found between current CD4:CD8 ratio and age at start of ART. Positive correlations were found between current CD4:CD8 ratio and total time with suppressed HIV viral load and nadir CD4 counts. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age at start of ART was significantly associated with current CD4:CD8 ratio (standardized ß = -0.680; P < 0.001). Patient sex, ethnicity and antiretroviral regimen did not affect ratio recovery. CONCLUSIONS: We found higher rates of CD4:CD8 ratio normalization compared with previous adult studies. Children who started ART at a younger age were more likely to recover a normal ratio. The current policy of universal treatment for all HIV-positive adults and children will enhance immunological normalization.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Patient Affected by Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Is It Useful to Identify Comorbid Pathologies?

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common defect with a multifactorial etiology. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most common infectious cause, and its early detection allows a prompt pharmacological treatment that can improve hearing prognosis. In a consistent percentage of profound SNHL, genetic causes and/or inner ear malformations are involved; their prompt diagnosis might change therapeutic options. This study reports a case of a 3- year-old female patient with symptomatic cCMV infection who also exhibits developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, bilateral hearing loss, and cochlear incomplete partition, type 2, in 7q21.3 deletion. This deletion includes the genes DLX5 and DLX6 , which could be the candidate genes for the ear malformation named incomplete partition, type 2.

Whole-Genome Enrichment Provides Deep Insights into Vibrio cholerae Metagenome from an African River.

The detection and typing of Vibrio cholerae in natural aquatic environments encounter major methodological challenges related to the fact that the bacterium is often present in environmental matrices at very low abundance in nonculturable state. This study applied, for the first time to our knowledge, a whole-genome enrichment (WGE) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach for direct genotyping and metagenomic analysis of low abundant V. cholerae DNA (<50 genome unit/L) from natural water collected in the Morogoro river (Tanzania). The protocol is based on the use of biotinylated RNA baits for target enrichment of V. cholerae metagenomic DNA via hybridization. An enriched V. cholerae metagenome library was generated and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Up to 1.8 × 107 bp (4.5× mean read depth) were found to map against V. cholerae reference genome sequences representing an increase of about 2500 times in target DNA coverage compared to theoretical calculations of performance for shotgun metagenomics. Analysis of metagenomic data revealed the presence of several V. cholerae virulence and virulence associated genes in river water including major virulence regions (e.g. CTX prophage and Vibrio pathogenicity island-1) and genetic markers of epidemic strains (e.g. O1-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster) that were not detectable by standard culture and molecular techniques. Overall, besides providing a powerful tool for direct genotyping of V. cholerae in complex environmental matrices, this study provides a 'proof of concept' on the methodological gap that might currently preclude a more comprehensive understanding of toxigenic V. cholerae emergence from natural aquatic environments.

Low-salt diet increases NO bioavailability and COX-2 vasoconstrictor prostanoid production in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

AIMS: The ability of dietary sodium restriction to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular mortality and improve vascular function in hypertension still remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of a long period of salt restriction on the vascular reactivity of mesenteric resistance arteries of SHRs. METHODS: Male SHRs received either standard-salt diet (0.3% NaCl) or low-salt diet (0.03% NaCl) for 28weeks. Vascular reactivity was studied in mesenteric artery segments and the influence of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and participation of the renin-angiotensin system were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: Decreased salt intake did not affect phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction but increased acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation and also increased the response to phenylephrine after inhibition of NO synthase by L-NAME (100µM) and iNOS protein expression was elevated. Cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10µM) and COX-2 inhibitor NS 398 (1µM) decreased the reactivity to phenylephrine in low-salt-treated group, and COX-2 protein expression was elevated in low-salt group. The effects of apocynin (10µM); superoxide anion scavenger, tiron (1mM); hydrogen peroxide scavenger, catalase (1000UmL(-1)); and ACE and AT1 receptor blockers, enalapril (10µM) and losartan (10µM) on vascular reactivity were not different between two groups. The levels of AT1 protein expression were similar in both groups. SIGNIFICANCE: Low-salt diet modulates mesenteric vascular responses via increased NO bioavailability suggested by increased iNOS protein expression and vasoconstrictor prostanoid production via COX-2 pathway, in SHRs. Neither ROS nor the local renin-angiotensin system is involved in these responses.

Predicting bottlenose dolphin distribution along Liguria coast (northwestern Mediterranean Sea) through different modeling techniques and indirect predictors.

Habitat modeling is an important tool to investigate the quality of the habitat for a species within a certain area, to predict species distribution and to understand the ecological processes behind it. Many species have been investigated by means of habitat modeling techniques mainly to address effective management and protection policies and cetaceans play an important role in this context. The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) has been investigated with habitat modeling techniques since 1997. The objectives of this work were to predict the distribution of bottlenose dolphin in a coastal area through the use of static morphological features and to compare the prediction performances of three different modeling techniques: Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and Random Forest (RF). Four static variables were tested: depth, bottom slope, distance from 100 m bathymetric contour and distance from coast. RF revealed itself both the most accurate and the most precise modeling technique with very high distribution probabilities predicted in presence cells (90.4% of mean predicted probabilities) and with 66.7% of presence cells with a predicted probability comprised between 90% and 100%. The bottlenose distribution obtained with RF allowed the identification of specific areas with particularly high presence probability along the coastal zone; the recognition of these core areas may be the starting point to develop effective management practices to improve T. truncatus protection.

JMarinas: a simple tool for the environmentally sound management of small marinas.

A novel index for the preliminary evaluation of the distribution of pollutants in the harbor environment (Small Marinas Pollution Risk) is proposed. An associated Environmental Decision Support System (JMarinas) has been developed which implements the Multiple Attribute Decision Making theory (MADM) and uses the harbor's map as geographical support for computations. The MADM matrix is built considering various attributes of the marina and is calculated using both qualitative and quantitative data. Jmarinas has been applied to two small marinas along the Ligurian coast (Marina degli Aregai and Portosole) during the winter and summer seasons. Results show good spatial and temporal resolution and are in agreement with observations. For further quantitative assessment of performance, we refer to Irene et al. (2010).

Vertebral Body Stenting System for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: Follow-up at 12 Months in 20 Cases.

We describe our preliminary experience with the vertebral body stenting system (VBS) for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture or traumatic vertebral fracture showing our clinical results at 12 months follow-up. Twenty patients (16 women, four men, mean age 71 years): four with traumatic vertebral fracture (Magerl A1 fractures) and 16 with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (VCFs) resistant to conservative therapy, were treated by vertebral body stenting system (VBS) as follows: two at level T11, four at T12, one at L1, two at L2, five at L3 and six at L4. All patients were studied by MR (protocol: sagittal T1W, T2W and T2 STIR) and MDCT with MPR reconstructions. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia with fluoroscopy guidance and a bipeduncular approach. VBS, a new system of implantation of endovertebral stent used as an alternative to conventional vertebroplasty (VP), was implanted in all patients to restore the loss of height in the fractured vertebral body. A clinical and x-ray follow-up was performed at six and 12 months evaluating the result by VAS and ODS scale. New vertebral fractures at a distant level were observed in two cases and treated by VP. VBS was successful and led to an excellent outcome in all patients with clinical improvement stable at six months and one year follow-up. The height in the fractured vertebral body was increased in 12 of the 20 VCFs by an average of 1.5 mm. No vascular, extraforaminal or epidural leakage or other adverse events were observed. In the clinical 12 months follow-up we recorded a reduction of four scores in the VAS evaluation and a 40% reduction in the ODS score compared with the pre-treatment values. Endovertebral stents were stable at 12 months at x-ray control in 19/20 patients. No new vertebral fracture located in adjacent vertebrae were observed at 12 month follow-up. By using a stent, the VBS system reduces the collapsed vertebral body and offers good height restoration. The mechanical scaffold of the stent restores the height and at the same time offers a cavity for injection of highly viscous PMMA bone cement without increasing the rate of new vertebral fracture post-VP. A long-term follow-up is recommended.

Combined Percutaneous and Endovascular Treatment of Symptomatic Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Spine: Clinical Six Months. Follow-up of Six Cases.

We describe the usefulness of endovascular and direct percutaneous treatment as a therapy option for aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) of the spine. From January 2007 to December 2008, we treated six consecutive patients with symptomatic ABCs resistant to continuous medical management or with acute clinical onset of paraparesis at cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine level. Two patients were treated after emergency laminectomy. All patients were studied with an MRI protocol and multidetector CT with MPR reconstructions followed by angiographic control before treatment. The procedure was performed under general anaesthesia for all patients. Under CT or fluoroscopy guidance, percutaneous treatment was performed either by direct injection of Glubran(®) diluted at 30% with Lipiodol(®) only, or combined with endovascular treatment by Onyx® injection. Clinical and X-ray follow-up was performed at three and six months. Combined endovascular and percutaneous treatment for ABCs was successful and led to an excellent outcome in five out of six patients with clinical improvement. There were no periprocedural or subsequent clinical complications and the glue resulted in successful selective permanent occlusion with intralesional penetration. Direct sclerotherapy resulted in immediate thrombosis of the malformation with no progression of symptoms. Complete healing was observed in five out of six aggressive lesions. No major complications were noted. At six month follow-up the symptoms had completely resolved and X-ray control showed a partial or total sclerotic reaction of the lesion with stable clinical results (no partial or clinical abnormalities). One patient had a recurrence of the ABC with spinal cord cervical clinical symptomatology. Combined endovascular and percutaneous treatment or direct percutaneous sclerotherapy with glue alone are important, safe, effective therapy options for symptomatic aneurysmal bone cyst. Results are stable and confirmed by clinical and X-ray follow-up six months after treatment.

Vertebroplasty as a Treatment for Primary Benign or Metastatic Cervical Spine Lesions: Up to One Year of Follow-up.

This paper illustrates the validity of vertebroplasty (VP) in patients with primary benign or metastatic lesion in the cervical spine. From January 2006 to December 2007, ten consecutive patients were treated with VP for a total of ten vertebral bodies: two symptomatic vertebral haemangiomas at C5 and C4.3, multiple myeloma at C2 (two cases) and one case at C4, five patients with vertebral metastasis from breast or lung cancer at C2, C4 (three cases) and C5. All the patients complained of pain resistant to continuous medical management. All procedures were performed under general anaesthesia by anterolateral approach under CT or fluoroscopy control with manual dislocation of the carotid axis. A transoral approach under fluoroscopy was performed to treat the C2 lesion. Bone biopsy was never performed. VP was performed to prevent fracture after implantation of a double discal prothesis in two patients. For patients with multiple myeloma, VP was performed to prevent new vertebral fracture. VP was performed before of radiotherapy in three patients with metastasis, and just after radiotherapy in two. Two metastatic patients were lost at one year follow-up due to death from systematic diffusion. Results were evaluated on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODS). A successful outcome was observed with a complete resolution or partial reduction of pain in 90% of patients 24-72 hours after VP. At 12 months follow-up, we recorded a reduction of four points in the VAS evaluation and a 45% reduction in the ODS score. No extravertebral vascular or discal cement leakage was observed. At 12 months, X-ray follow-up showed a stable result. Percutaneous treatment with VP for benign or malignant cervical spine lesions is a valuable, mini-invasive and quick method that allows a complete and enduring resolution of painful vertebral symptoms without fracture of the adjacent or distal vertebral bodies.

Combined treatment with stenting and coiling for complex cerebral aneurysms: preliminary experience of twenty aneurysms treated by new generation intracranial stents.

We describe our preliminary experience of a combined treatment with stenting and coiling for ruptured and unruptured complex cerebral aneurysms (AA) using new generation stents (Enterprise(®), LeoPlus(®), Solitaire(®)). Eighteen patients, 20 AA, were treated by stenting and coiling. Some had sacciform wide-necked partially thrombosed aneurysms, other had fusiform AA. Six ruptured AA were treated early, while the other 14 were treated electively. In four out of 20 AA coiling was performed by Jailing technique and in three cases a remodelling technique was also performed. Patients with ruptured AA were previously administered a heparin protocol during the procedure and given aspirin (500 mg) after stenting. Patients with unruptured AA were administered plavix and aspirin for seven days before the procedure. Post-intervention medical therapy was plavix and aspirin for six months, then aspirin (100 mg). MRA and DSA at were performed after six to 12 months. Treatment was successfully performed in all cases. The stent could be navigated within the cerebral arteries without any exchange procedure, and thanks to its retractability, it was positioned accurately. No procedure-related complication occurred. Complete occlusion of the aneurysm was observed in 14/20 AA, partial occlusion with residual sac in 2/20. At four months a residual neck was observed in 4/20 with an increase in residual sac at one year in one case treated by coiling. At one year, MRA showed a reduction of the neck in one case and a stable residual neck in the other. Stenting and coiling for sacciform wide-necked or fusiform aneurysms is a safe procedure without complications. Medical-therapy pre and post procedure associated with follow-up are necessary to establish the occlusion rate.

Endovascular treatment of a fusiform cerebral aneurysm by stenting alone. Two case reports and literature review.

This paper illustrates two cases of stent-in-stenting treatment of unruptured, symptomatic, fusiform intracerebral aneurysms. Two unruptured symptomatic fusiform intracerebral aneurysms were treated by the stent-in-stent only technique. The first patient, a 35-year-old woman, had a partially thrombosed fusiform aneurysm in the left carotid siphon with the chief complaint of headache and left ophthalmoplegia. The second patient, a 60-year-old man, had a symptomatic fusiform aneurysm of the left V4 with recurrent transient ischemic attacks. No cervical trauma or infection was present in either patient. A CT, CTA and DSA were performed on hospital admission. Both patients were previously premedicated with Clopidrogel + ASA for five days before treatment. By DSA, both patients were treated under general anesthesia with a heparin protocol plus ASA (500mg) at stent placement. A double stent-in stent was placed in both patients. Post-intervention medical therapy was clopridogel and ASA for three months, then aspirin (100mg) daily for six months. CTA and DSA were performed at six and 12 months. Both stents were positioned without any difficulty and could be navigated within cerebral arteries without any exchange procedure, and thanks to their retractability, they were accurately positioned. No bleeding at post-treatment CT was noted. At 12 months follow-up, a complete disappearance of the aneurysm and preservation of the parent vessel was observed for both patients. No procedure-related complication occurred. No intra-stent stenosis or intimal hyperplasia was observed. Stenting for fusiform aneurysms is a safe procedure without complications. Medical therapy pre-post procedure associated with follow-up is necessary to prevent/establish the incidence of occlusion.